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One of the most extraordinary things about the rapid shift to remote work in early 2020 was how universal it was. No matter who you talked to, nearly every professional who normally works in an office was going through the shift to remote work together. Those who were not making the shift were risking their lives as first responders or continuing their duties as essential workers – and for all these heroes, we are deeply thankful. Their corporate counterparts were only able to do their work from home because they kept our society functioning and moving forward.

Navigating the shift meant managers had to learn how to keep their teams running through videoconferences, colleagues had to figure out how to design or develop products while not being physically together, or professionals had to learn how to advise, sell, and service clients remotely. We were all going through it on a personal basis too. Most people were forced to abandon their plans and rituals and find new routines. Families turned to celebrating holidays, birthdays, and even weddings over Zoom, and there was an explosion of self-recorded video tributes. People talked about living in lockdown and how it was all working for them the way that they've talked about the weather for millennia.

But that is not to suggest that everyone was experiencing life and work the same way. Far from it. As one example, in research from LeanIn.org,³ working mothers have been doing significantly more caregiving and housework than men during the pandemic, and as a result, they've been showing signs of burnout and anxiety. Among women and men who have full-time jobs, partners, and children, women have been spending an average of 20 hours more per week than men on childcare, housework, and caring for relatives. This is the equivalent of an extra part-time job. Another group hit hard has been young, single urbanites, who were forced to work from small apartments. This cohort reported far greater levels of isolation and depression, not surprisingly, than executives and wealthy senior professionals working from second homes with well-equipped home offices.

In general, leaders at all levels felt the shift, too. Based on our surveys, only about a quarter of CEOs believe that the shift to remote work has been a net positive for them individually compared to a surprisingly high 61% of non-CEOs, who said that remote work has been positive. However, the great majority of both CEOs and non-CEOs report much higher levels of personal stress as a result of the shift to remote work in their organizations. Furthermore, leaders acknowledge that their personal connections with colleagues have been negatively impacted by remote work.

Both CEOs and other leaders report that they are more productive as a result of working remotely. Over three-quarters of CEOs and 90 percent of other leaders report being more productive or equally productive as compared to their usual in-office routine, and both populations agree that technology experience and access to learning and development opportunities have been positively impacted by remote work.

This, in turn, has enabled advances in leaders’ ability to communicate with and inspire employees, which has fostered improved innovation, collaboration, and teamwork. And while no one expects CEOs to have great work-life balance (or sympathizes with them if they don't), CEOs report that the shift to remote work has been about neutral on their work-life balance, due to the elimination of customer and client travel and fewer (if any) in-person management, board, and investor meetings. On the other hand, among the broader group of leaders we surveyed, 60% of leaders report that their work-life balance has shifted in a positive direction.

The key goal is to build on the benefits of virtual leadership and overcome its disadvantages.

As we watched how companies adapted to the sudden, pandemic-driven need to work from home, and how leaders were assessing the potential for this trend to remain or increase after the pandemic eases, we identified three distinct perspectives: