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The duodenum, the first stretch of the small intestine, starts at the pyloric sphincter, a valve at the end of the stomach. This valve controls the release of parts of the stomach content into the duodenum, and if it does not function properly, too much stomach acid can get into the duodenum and cause problems. When too much of the highly acidic stomach juices seeps into the alkaline duodenum, the walls of the duodenum will become inflamed and ultimately develop ulcers. A number of factors can cause the seepage, but by far the most common one stems from the fact that the function of the valve is influenced by stress and tension. Considering the highly competitive and charged environment many people live in, it is surprising that more people do not develop duodenal ulcers.

The approach to healing a duodenal ulcer is threefold, consisting of a herbal treatment, dietary changes and a consideration of the cause, which in most cases means a consideration of the factors causing stress and tension. The herbal treatment is based on a number of actions. Demulcents are called for to soothe the ulcer and the surrounding tissue. If a vulnerary action can be added to speed the healing process then all the better. This may be done with Marshmallow and Comfrey Root. The specific mucous membrane healing properties of Golden Seal will aid the healing of the lining of the intestine. An appropriate astringent like American Cranesbill should be used to strengthen the tissue. As a duodenal ulcer is often accompanied by a general debility and a reduction in vitality due to toxins from the ulcer entering into the blood and lymph system, appropriate alteratives and lymphatic tonics like Echinacea should be used. A good basic mixture would therefore consist of

Comfrey Root	2 parts
Marshmallow Root	2 parts
American Cranesbill	1 part
Echinacea	1 part
Golden Seal	1 part

This tea should be drunk three times a day before meals. If you are fasting, drink it at the times you would usually eat.

The diet should be low in fibre and low in proteins as long as the symptoms persist and must be followed by a gradual return to a normal wholefood diet. An excellent soothing food to take during the peak of the problem is Slippery Elm. It can be made into the consistency of a thick gruel and will provide nutrition as well as a demulcent action on the ulcerated tissue.

To deal with stress and tension, nervines are indicated for a short term treatment. But the body is sending a signal and giving a clue by developing a symptom like an ulcer, and it is best to take the hint. Take a look at your lifestyle and purpose in life. Is your life fulfilling and meaningful? Many valuable techniques are available to help you re-evaluate your life and clear these problems, ranging from simple relaxation techniques to psychotherapy. Stress management and relaxation is discussed in the next chapter.

Herbally, a good nervine mixture to treat tension can be made of equal parts of Skullcap and Valerian, which should be made into a tea and drunk whenever needed. Other appropriate relaxing herbs, though not as strong, are Balm, Chamomile, Lavender and Lime Blossom, which can also be made into a tea and drunk whenever needed.

Chamomile