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There are many structures that play an important role in the kinetic chain relationships of the muscles of the jaw.

Fig 6.2: Anterior muscles of the neck and shoulder.

The following muscles are commonly affected by neck and shoulder tension.

 Masseter muscle - This thick quadrilateral muscle works to close and retract the jaw (mandible) and to chew food (muscle of mastication). Restrictions or trigger points in this muscle can be related to TMJ problems, headaches, sinus pain or even toothaches.

 Temporalis muscle - This muscle of mastication is used to close the jaw and chew your food. Restrictions in this structure are a common cause of tension headaches.

 Medial pterygoid muscle - Also known as the internal pterygoid. This muscle is involved in closing the jaw (elevation of mandible), and in the protrusion of the jaw (mandible). Restrictions in the medial pterygoid are often related to TMJ problems.

 Digastric muscle - This small superficial muscle depresses the lower jaw and raises the hyoid bone during swallowing. This muscle is needed to fully open your mouth. A trigger point in this muscle often develops if a person is experiencing any jaw problems.