Читать книгу Primary Care for COMLEX Level 1 - Dr. Jahan Eftekar - Страница 46

•Administer O² to patients with low pCO² UNLESS the patient has chronic CO2 retention. Here, O² may take patient’s respiratory drive away.

•Sympathetic system does all the things you’d think about when scared to death EXCEPT wetting your pants! (That’s under parasympathetic control)

•All glands are innervated by parasympathetics EXCEPT sweat glands.

•Hypothalamic diseases decrease all pituitary hormones EXCEPT prolactin.

•Deep tendon reflexes are associated with spinal nerves EXCEPT T5 that has no deep tendon reflex.

•Salivary glands are the only glands that are stimulated to secrete by both sympathetic and parasympathetic glands

•Isoproterenol affects all alpha and beta adrenergics EXCEPT alpha-2.

•Parasympathetic innervation slows conduction in the heart EXCEPT at the atrial muscle where it speeds it.

•Of the six standard ECG leads--I, II, III, aVF, aVL and aVR, lead I is the only one that connects two points together. The rest connect 3 points together.

•Regarding cardiac sounds, aortic valve closure is heard before pulmonary EXCEPT in paradoxical spilt when the opposite happens.

•All adult congenital heart anomalies have a left to right shunt EXCEPT Eisenmenger’s, and adult type of Coarctation of aorta.

•All cardiac valves are mainly affected by rheumatic heart disease EXCEPT pulmonary that is mainly affected by congenital malformations.

•Blood vessels and ventricles are ONLY affected by sympathetic nervous system.

•Liver disease affects all blood coagulation factors EXCEPT vWF.

•Cerebellum is a double crosser [symptoms of lesions are presented ipsilaterally]

•Anion gap is increased by all metabolic acidosis EXCEPT the Hyperchloremic acidoses (i.e. addition of HCl)

•All Renal tubular acidosis are associated with hypokalemia except Type IV