Читать книгу Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding - George Acquaah - Страница 49

Unlike the US, the private sector is responsible for cultivar development of established crops, while the public sector focuses on research. However, in the case of new crops where risk investment is high, the public sector (governmental institutes) engage in both research and cultivar development. Several research and development arrangements occur in Europe: (i) Agro‐industrial programs – These programs involve partnership between two or more countries, and may include private sector in some cases. Their activities include development of new potential crops (Cuphea, jojoba, castor bean, lupines, Jerusalem artichoke), industrial processing, primary production, transformations, and utilization of biological feed stocks. (ii) Bilateral programs – These are informal partnerships between countries that may include germplasm and information exchange. (iii) National program – Universities and agricultural research institutes work on new crops. (iv) Industrial programs – These are conducted by the private sector and may include the search for new crops of pharmaceutical value, as well as bioactive compounds. Sometimes, the research is conducted by the private sector, but public sector institutes may be engaged.