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In 1766, an English aristocrat named Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) was the first to recognize hydrogen as an element, that is, a unique substance and an integral part of the water molecule. By the time Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907) published his now ubiquitous periodic table of the elements in 1869, 100 years later, it was already known that hydrogen was the lightest of all the known elements (at that time, 60 elements were known). Mendeleev (Figure 1.5) reordered the known elements by their relative atomic weight, with hydrogen as 1.

Figure 1.5 Dmitri Mendeleev and the periodic table with the elements known in his time and the empty slots for elements still to be discovered.

Source: Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev#/media/File:Dmitri_Mendeleev_1890s.jpg.