Читать книгу Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - Группа авторов - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
4 Preface
6 Part 1: Principles of clinical pharmacology 1 Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics Introduction Principles of drug action (pharmacodynamics) Mechanism of drug action Principles of pharmacokinetics Principles of drug elimination Clinical pharmacokinetics: dosage individualisation Clinical examples of therapeutic drug monitoring Influence of renal function on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Prescribing for the young and the elderly Drugs in pregnant and breastfeeding women 2 Clinical trials and drug development Introduction Drug discovery Models of drug development Clinical trials 3 Pharmacoeconomics: the economic evaluation of new drugs Introduction – why do we need economic evaluations? Economic evaluation Perspective Costs Linking costs to benefits Cost‐minimisation analysis Cost‐effectiveness analysis Cost–benefit analysis Cost–utility analysis Why use CUA and QALYs? How are the constituent parts of QALYs estimated? How is cost‐effectiveness then assessed? Sensitivity analysis Pharmacoeconomics and decision‐making REFERENCES 4 Practical prescribing Good prescribing: questions to ask yourself before prescribing a drug Writing the prescription: practical aspects General pointers on good prescribing Adverse drug reactions Drug allergy Drug interactions Emergency prescribing
7 Part 2: Aspects of prescribing 5 Gastrointestinal system Introduction Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease Drugs used in the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease Drugs used in the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease Drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion Drugs that act on oesophageal and/or gastric motility Peptic ulcer Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer Drug combinations to eradicate H. pylori Nausea and vomiting Drugs used in treatment of vomiting Diarrhoea and constipation Inflammatory bowel disease Drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease – (box/flow chart for management of IBD) New treatments (often second line) Drugs adversely affecting gastrointestinal function 6 Cardiovascular system Introduction Angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes Cardiac arrhythmia Class I agents Class II agents Class III agents Class IV agents Adenine nucleotides Heart failure Neuroendocrine antagonists Drugs with a positive inotropic effect Drugs affecting preload Drugs affecting preload and afterload General principles of management of heart failure Long‐term management of chronic heart failure Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 7 Respiratory system Introduction Diseases of airflow obstruction Management of asthma and COPD Treatment of chronic airways disease Treatment of acute airways disease Management of acute asthma Management of acute exacerbations of COPD Other therapy for airways diseases Notes on other respiratory diseases Disease targeted treatment 8 Nervous system Introduction Epilepsy Pathophysiology Aetiology of seizures Anti‐epileptic drugs in common use Anti‐epileptic drug therapy in pregnancy Headache Migraine Acute treatment of migraine attack Migraine prophylaxis Antimigraine drugs in common use Medication‐overuse headache Cerebrovascular disease Infections of the nervous system Drug‐induced neurological disorders Neuroinflammatory disorders Movement disorders Drugs used for parkinsonism Treatment of psychiatric disorders Antipsychotic drugs Antidepressants Mood‐stabilising agents Anxiolytics Hypnotic drugs and the treatment of insomnia Drug‐induced psychiatric disorder Abuse of psychoactive drugs Treatment of dementia 9 Infection Introduction Principles of anti‐infective treatment Antibacterial drugs Antituberculous drugs Antifungal drugs Antiviral drugs Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) 10 Drugs and endocrine disease Diabetes mellitus Thyroid disease Hypothyroidism Obesity Bone metabolism Pituitary and adrenal cortex disease 11 Genitourinary system Drugs for bladder outlet obstruction Drugs for overactive bladder Drugs for prostate cancer Drugs for erectile dysfunction Drugs and the reproductive system 12 Malignant disease Introduction Chemotherapy Targeted therapy: signal transduction inhibitors 13 Drugs and the blood Introduction Anticoagulant drugs Thrombolytic agents Anaemia and haematinics Drug‐induced blood conditions 14 Musculoskeletal system Principles of management Principles of drug treatment Drugs used in gout and pseudogout 15 Immunopharmacology Introduction Drugs that suppress immune responses Corticosteroids 16 Travel medicine Introduction Principles of immunisation Vaccines used for preventing infection in travellers Malaria prevention and treatment Treatment of other common imported parasitic infections 17 Analgesia and anaesthesia Introduction Pathophysiology of pain Management of pain Opioids Adjunctive agents Anaesthesia Critical care considerations 18 Poisoning and drug overdose Introduction General approach to the poisoned patient The management of specific complications Features of common drug overdose Summary
8 Index
