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Generation and Maintenance of Tolerance to Self‐antigens Overview
ОглавлениеImmune tolerance is the ability of the immune system to identify and respond to foreign or non‐self‐antigens, while aborting or controlling potentially deleterious responses to autoantigens [1]. Despite genetic variability within the population and substantial differences in environmental exposures that shape an individual's immune repertoire, the vast majority of people maintain immune tolerance to self‐antigens. As a result, autoimmune diseases are rare, even among persons with genetic susceptibility [2]. In contrast, rare monogenetic defects predictably result in the development of autoimmune diseases in early life [1]. Broadly, immune tolerance is divided into two categories: natural and inducible tolerance. In addition, natural tolerance has been subclassified as either central or peripheral, based the anatomic site of development.