Читать книгу Indoor Photovoltaics - Группа авторов - Страница 35

Monika Freunek (Müller)

BKW AG, Bern, Switzerland

Abstract Indoor photovoltaics (IPV) is one of the most promising technologies to power IoT and consumer devices in indoor environments. Theoretical efficiency limits exceeding 50%, an established technology, and power densities among the highest of all indoor energy harvesting technologies available, make IPV attractive and an upcoming technology in an expected trillion-dollar market. However, the typical indoor spectral conditions, the optimization goals and processes during design and manufacturing, and the ideal materials differ significantly from the well-established outdoor applications. Thus, IPV devices require specific engineering and characterization. This chapter introduces IPV with its spectra, irradiance levels and operating conditions. Theoretical and demonstrated efficiencies, their modeling, and characterization methods are discussed. Issues such as total energy balance, recycling and lifetime are outlined. With properly adapted design, IPV might be the enabler of many IoT applications in the near future. This chapter provides the state-of-the-art, challenges and solutions for IPV products, and gives an outlook on future products.

Keywords: Indoor photovoltaics, micro energy harvesting, internet of things, wireless sensor nodes, edge nodes, indoor photovoltaic efficiencies, indoor photovoltaic materials