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These applications show some of the highest potential for a significant market growth of IPV, as they are classical applications for IoT and cloud-assisted AI solutions. Typically, the IoT edge node needs to transmit or receive a sensor or actor signal in a regular period or even only under certain circumstances. Therefore, the required average power consumption of such an IoT edge node can range below a few milli- or even micro-watts, which can be provided from photovoltaic generators in most cases. There are different optimized products available on the market, including electronics in the case of the TI Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon [34]. IXYS specializes in manufacturing high-efficiency crystalline silicon modules that have been proven to be reliable indoors [10, 35]. The challenge and in some cases the advantage for some of these applications is the frequency of incident radiation. Applications with a typical schedule, such as production hours or even automated and spectrally defined radiation, such as in horticultural application, are an ideal case for IPV design due to their known operating conditions.

Logistics and retail have often been discussed as possible fields of application for micro energy harvesting. However, these applications often suffer from sufficient radiation and/or recycling issues in single-use applications, such as in tracking logistics. As proposed in the introduction, a dedicated radiation power beam might be an approach to some of those applications.