Читать книгу Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner - Группа авторов - Страница 203

 Perform the five acoustic windows of AFAST and accurately assign and abdominal fluid score.

 Apply the “small‐volume bleeder versus large‐volume bleeder” principle to hemorrhaging subsets of small animal patients to better direct definitive therapy and decision making, including the need for blood transfusion and exploratory surgery and medical versus surgical management.

 Recognize sonographic striation of the gallbladder wall referred to as the “halo effect,” “double rim effect” or “halo sign.”

 Know additional rule‐outs (cardiac causes) for the collapsed or acutely weak dog with sonographic striation of the gallbladder wall.

 Know additional rule‐outs for sonographic striation of the gallbladder wall in dogs and cats without acute collapse and weakness.

 Recognize retroperitoneal free fluid and distinguish it from intraabdominal fluid.

 Recognize pleural and pericardial effusion via the DH view by looking cranial to the diaphragm.

 Know how to assess volume status through characterization of the caudal vena cava and its associated hepatic veins.

 Know common artifacts and pitfalls at each respective AFAST view (see Chapter 6).