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Any positive is potentially a surgical problem and thus exploratory laparotomy should be considered post resuscitation. There are no veterinary studies evaluating positive AFAST studies and the frequency of medical versus surgical injuries; however, exploratory laparotomy is recommended in people with positive FAST examinations (Udobi et al. 2001).

 Computed tomography is the gold standard for detecting injury, whereas AFAST provides only indirect evidence through the imaging of free fluid.

 Other imaging options include radiography, which is standard of care for PT, for the detection of pneumoperitoneum, herniations, fractures and body wall abnormalities.

Table 7.3. Flowchart providing general guidelines regarding the decision‐making process for acutely bleeding dogs and cats when applying the abdominal fluid score (AFS) during AFAST. Note the algorithm assumes the patient is noncoagulopathic or, when coagulopathic, the coagulopathy is corrected.

Source: Reproduced with permission of Dr Gregory Lisciandro, Hill Country Veterinary Specialists and FASTVet.com, Spicewood, TX.