Читать книгу Defects in Functional Materials - Группа авторов - Страница 25

Besides the high sub-atom spatial resolution for static imaging, TEM also has a moderate temporal resolution in the order of millisecond to second. Modern fast camera techniques have been developed to allow for ms-frame-rate recording of image slices together with atomic resolution. Recent advancements in both spatial and temporal dimension have brought the electron microscopy into the so-called 4D TEM era.

Atomic diffusion on surfaces and inside solids is the most elementary process in materials behaviors such as phase transition [26], nanomaterials growth [27–29], defect evolution, surface reconstruction, and heterogeneous catalysis [30]. Real-time TEM or STM would provide us a proper time window to directly observe the atomic migration or molecular dynamics which is of great significance in many of these material processes.