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Kaige-Theodotion is the modern name of an early anonymous revision of the OG, dating to the middle of the first century BCE, at first identified in the Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Naḥal Ḥever. This text contains an early revision of the OG, and was named kaige in modern research. Barthélemy⁷³ chose this name because one of its distinctive features is that the Hebrew word gam (»also«) is usually translated with kaige (»at least«) apparently in accordance with one of the thirty-two rabbinic hermeneutical rules, or middot, of R. Eliezer ben Yose ha-Gelili named »inclusion and exclusion.« To what extent kaige-Theodotion followed rabbinic exegesis in other details as well (as claimed by Barthélemy) remains a matter of debate.

A similar revision of the OG is also found in several segments of the »LXX« in Samuel-Kings, the B text of the »LXX« of Judges, and the »LXX« of Ruth and Lamentations and elsewhere. In antiquity, this anonymous revision was associated with Theodotion, who apparently lived at the end of the second century CE, and was probably from Ephesus. Because Theodotion’s translations belong to this group of revisions, the whole collection came to be known as kaige-Theodotion even though its various attestations are not uniform in character and accordingly different individuals may have been involved.