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1.3 Application and Market Studies of CO2 Hydrogenation Products
ОглавлениеHydrogenation of CO2 could be an efficient option for developing more environment‐friendly products as alternatives to fossil‐based ones. In terms of practicality, the distribution infrastructure of carbon‐based chemicals is well established. However, their manufacturing is currently several times more expensive than their conventionally produced counterparts, mainly due to the costs associated with H2 production. Some of the key features of CO2 hydrogenation products and conventional fuels are given in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 Characteristics of various energy vectors.
| Compound | Energy density (GJ m−3) | Approx. price per energy (US$/GJ) | Boiling point/melting point (°C) | Ignition point/flash point (°C) | Vapor pressure at 25 °C (kPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methanol | 15.8 | 15 | 64.55/–97.68 | 470/15 (open) | 16.9 |
| Formic acid | 6.3 | 100 | 100.56/8.27 | 520/59 (open) | 43.1 |
| Natural gas (CH4) | 8.1 (20 MPa) | 2 | –161/–183 | 537/–188 | 147 (15 °C) |
| Gasoline | 34.5 | 30 | 17–220/≤–40 | 300/≤–43 | 50–93 (37.8 °C) |
| Diesel oil | 36.3 | 23 | 140–400/–29 to –18 | 250/40–70 | ≤0.35 (37.8 °C) |
| Hydrogen | 5.1 (70 MPa) | 120 | –252.87/–259.14 | 500–571/— | 1.65 × 105 |
