Читать книгу CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis - Группа авторов - Страница 21

The future prospects for CO₂ utilization on large scale will mainly depend on policy support. The carbon tax, a fee imposed on the burning of carbon‐based fuels (coal, oil, gasoline, and natural gas), is one policy for reducing the use of fossil fuels. To reduce CO₂ emissions, as many as 29 countries have implemented carbon taxes as of 2019. Tax rates, including energy taxes, differed according to use and fuel type in 2017. For example, high tax rates are imposed on gasoline in every country, from in the United States to in the Netherlands [42]. On the other hand, there are also significant differences in tax rates for the industrial sector depending on the country (Figure 1.7). An increasing of the tax rates of carbon‐based fuels seems to be necessary to motivate our societies to switch to clean energy.

Figure 1.7 Carbon tax rate per ton of emitted CO₂.

Source: Data from the Ministry of the Environment of Japan [42].