Читать книгу CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis - Группа авторов - Страница 14

Formic acid is the first carboxylic acid and is naturally occurring produced by ants, bees, and some plants. In 2016, the global production of formic acid was 1.02 Mton [10]. The general production process of formic acid involves the formal carbonylation of water in a two‐step synthesis via methyl formate. Formic acid and its salts (formate) are valuable chemical products used for silage and animal feed (27%), leather and tanning (22%), pharmaceuticals and food chemicals (14%), textile (9%), natural rubber (7%), and drilling fluids (4%) [11]. Recently, formic acid has been recognized as a promising liquid organic H₂ carrier (LOHC) because of its low toxicity, low combustibility, stability, environmental friendliness, and 4.4 wt% (53 g l⁻¹) H₂ content [12–14]. In addition, compressed hydrogen gas can be supplied only by heating of formic acid using catalysts as a chemical compressor [15]. Therefore, advances in the efficient production of formic acid/formates may eventually lead to their large‐scale use as LOHCs (see Chapter 10).