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Because permanent sterilization is not considered medically or ethically appropriate by all nations and cultures, research interest in reversible contraception has grown [6, 20]. Synthetic progestins, such as megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), may be administered to suppress follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), without which follicles will not mature to ovulation [3, 21]. Adverse effects may be significant, particularly in cats [21, 22].

Other methods of reversible contraception that are being explored include [3, 21, 23–32]:

 prolonged exposure to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists

 canine intrauterine devices (IUDs)

 chemical castration with intratesticular injectable agents such as arginine stabilized zinc gluconate, chlorhexidine digluconate, calcium chloride admixed with dimethyl sulfoxide, etc

 mechanical castration, using ultrasound to induce testicular necrosis

 vaccinations against LH and GnRH, spermatozoa, or zona pellucida proteins

 melatonin implants.