Читать книгу Polymer Nanocomposite Materials - Группа авторов - Страница 18

In PNCs, many properties of the original polymer can be greatly improved, as well as new properties resulting from the addition of nanoparticles. As shown in Figure 1.4, the main properties of PNCs are listed, covering physical, chemical, and biological areas. In general, the improvement level of properties is determined by the size, loading capacity, aspect ratio, dispersion uniformity, and interface interactions of the nanofillers with polymer matrix [4].

Figure 1.4 Significant properties of polymer nanocomposites.

For example, most polymers don't possess conductivity except some conducting polymers, which is due to the covalent bonding of polymers and the lack of electron channels or ion migration. Interestingly, new PNCs formed by adding conductive nanofillers to insulating polymers exhibit many electrical properties. As early as 1994, Ajayan et al. used CNTs as reinforcement materials to prepare PNCs [77]. Since then, there have been a lot of researches on using CNTs as fillers to improve the electrical properties of PNCs. Only a small volume fraction of such fillers is needed to improve the electrical properties of polymers by several orders of magnitude effectively [78].