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The discussion so far has concentrated on steady‐state convection when the IMF is directed southward and the dayside and nightside reconnection rates are equal, a phenomenon known as “steady magnetospheric convection” or SMC. However, the IMF orientation and solar wind speed continually change, varying the dayside reconnection rate. The nightside reconnection process is largely decoupled from the dayside and cannot instantaneously adjust itself to changes in the solar wind. This means that magnetospheric dynamics and ionospheric convection are inherently time dependent. Much research in recent years has focused on the time dependence of convection associated with the substorm cycle, or the timescales of response to changes in IMF orientation.