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The definition of ‘therapeutic medical gas’ is the pharmaceutical gaseous molecules which are applied to the human body for the purpose of a variety of medical conditions and producing other desirable effects. It is no doubt that oxygen therapy to increase tissue oxygenation has been a mainstream in critical care medicine. However, recent observations in experimental and clinical studies clearly revealed the needs to provide additional supplemental gases to patients with many etiologies. The list of therapeutic medical gases has been growing continuously (table 1). Herein, we discuss the recent advances in medical gas research and delivery mechanisms including clinical application for special gases with recently discovered roles as protective properties.

Table 1. List of recent therapeutic medical gases