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CMA is, together with egg allergy, the most frequent food allergy in early childhood and affects 0.5-6% of infants [1, 5]. The incidence is determined by the type of feeding (breast- or formula fed) and the criteria of diagnosis (self-report or challenge proven) [1]. Symptoms of CMA are nonspecific, range from mild to severe and often involve different organs (e.g. the skin, respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tract and the systemic circulation), induce general manifestations (irritability, sleeping problems, poor growth or shock), and overlap with other disorders (i.e. gastroesophageal reflux disease) or functional conditions. A correct diagnosis may be challenging even for expert physicians, particularly in patients with negative IgE tests, but it is pivotal for an adequate management. Moreover, in the last years, an increased number of children is reported to be sensitized at the same time to different CM proteins (CMPs) and to other food allergens even during exclusive breastfeeding; with allergic manifestations occurring early in life due to an impaired development of oral tolerance [6].