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17Furia JP, Rompe JD, Cacchio A, Maffulli N: Shock wave therapy as a treatment of nonunions, avascular necrosis, and delayed healing of stress fractures. Foot Ankle Clin 2010;15:651–662.

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25Ko JY, Chen HS, Chen LM: Treatment of lateral epicondylitis of the elbow with shock waves. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;387:60–67.

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27Ogden JA, Alvarez RG, Marlow M: Shockwave therapy for chronic proximal plantar fasciitis: a meta-analysis. Foot Ankle Int 2002;23:301–308.

28Wang CJ: An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders. Chang Gung Med J 2003;26:220–232.

29Ogden JA, Alvarez RG, Levitt RL, Johnson JE, Marlow ME: Electrohydraulic high-energy shock-wave treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:2216–2228.

30Furia JP: Safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2005;34:13–19; discussion 19.

31Radwan YA, ElSobhi G, Badawy WS, Reda A, Khalid S: Resistant tennis elbow: shock-wave therapy versus percutaneous tenotomy. Int Orthop 2008;32:671–677.

32Rebuzzi E, Coletti N, Schiavetti S, Giusto F: Arthroscopy surgery versus shock wave therapy for chronic calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder. J Orthop Traumatol 2008;9:179–185.

33Notarnicola A, Moretti L, Tafuri S, Forcignanò M, Pesce V, Moretti B: Reduced local perfusion after shock wave treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy. Ultrasound Med Biol 2011;37:417–425.

34Wang CJ: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders. J Orthop Surg Res 2012;7:11.

35Notarnicola A, Moretti B: The biological effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (eswt) on tendon tissue. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2012;2:33–37.

36Notarnicola A, Pesce V, Vicenti G, Tafuri S, Forcignanò M, Moretti B: SWAAT study: extracorporeal shock wave therapy and arginine supplementation and other nutraceuticals for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Adv Ther 2012;29:799–814.

37Lee SS, Kang S, Park NK, Lee CW, Song HS, Sohn MK, Cho KH, Kim JH: Effectiveness of initial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the newly diagnosed lateral or medial epicondylitis. Ann Rehabil Med 2012;36:681–687.

38Aqil A, Siddiqui MR, Solan M, Redfern DJ, Gulati V, Cobb JP: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is effective in treating chronic plantar fasciitis: a meta-analysis of RCTs. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013;471:3645–3652.

39Al-Abbad H, Simon JV: The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Foot Ankle Int 2013;3:33–41.

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43Gollwitzer H, Saxena A, DiDomenico LA, Galli L, Bouché RT, Caminear DS, Fullem B, Vester JC, Horn C, Banke IJ, Burgkart R, Gerdesmeyer L: Clinically relevant effectiveness of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: a randomized, controlled multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015;97:701–708.

44Leal C, Ramon S, Furia J, Fernandez A, Romero L, Hernandez-Sierra L: Current concepts of shockwave therapy in chronic patellar tendinopathy. Int J Surg 2015;24(pt B):160–164.

45Moya D, Ramón S, Guiloff L, Gerdesmeyer L: Current knowledge on evidence-based shockwave treatments for shoulder pathology. Int J Surg 2015;24(pt B):171–178.

46Thiele S, Thiele R, Gerdesmeyer L: Lateral epicondylitis: this is still a main indication for extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Int J Surg 2015;24(pt B):165–170.

47Moya D, Ramón S, d’Agostino MC, Leal C, Aranzabal JR, Eid J, Schaden W: Incorrect methodology may favor ultrasound-guided needling over shock wave treatment in calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2016;25:e241–e243.

48Arirachakaran A, Boonard M, Yamaphai S, Prommahachai A, Kesprayura S, Kongtharvonskul J: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, ultrasound-guided percutaneous lavage, corticosteroid injection and combined treatment for the treatment of rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy: a network meta-analysis of RCTs. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2017;27:381–390.

49Saggini R, Figus A, Troccola A, Cocco V, Saggini A, Scuderi N: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for management of chronic ulcers in the lower extremities. Ultrasound Med Biol 2008;34:1261–1271.

50Qureshi AA, Ross KM, Ogawa R, Orgill DP: Shock wave therapy in wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011;128:721e–727e.

51Mittermayr R, Antonic V, Hartinger J, Kaufmann H, Redl H, Téot L, Stojadinovic A, Schaden W: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for wound healing: technology, mechanisms, and clinical efficacy. Wound Repair Regen 2012;20:456–465.

52Fioramonti P, Cigna E, Onesti MG, Fino P, Fallico N, Scuderi N: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the management of burn scars. Dermatol Surg 2012;38:778–782.

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54Gruenwald I, Appel B, Kitrey ND, Vardi Y: Shockwave treatment of erectile dysfunction. Ther Adv Urol 2013;5:95–99.

55Lei H, Liu J, Li H, Wang L, Xu Y, Tian W, Lin G, Xin Z: Low-intensity shock wave therapy and its application to erectile dysfunction. World J Mens Health 2013;31:208–214.

56Abu-Ghanem Y, Kitrey ND, Gruenwald I, Appel B, Vardi Y: Penile low-intensity shock wave therapy: a promising novel modality for erectile dysfunction. Korean J Urol 2014;55:295–299.

57Olsen AB, Persiani M, Boie S, Hanna M, Lund L: Can low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy improve erectile dysfunction? A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Urol 2014;49:329–333.

58Bechara A, Casabé A, De Bonis W, Nazar J: Effectiveness of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on patients with Erectile Dysfunction (ED) who have failed to respond to PDE5i therapy. A Pilot study. Arch Esp Urol 2015;68:152–160.

59Chung E, Cartmill R: Evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction rate after low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction: an Australian first open-label single-arm prospective clinical trial. BJU Int 2015;11(suppl 5):46–49.

60Shimokawa H, Ito K, Fukumoto Y, Yasuda S: Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy for ischemic heart disease. Shock Waves 2008;17:449–455.

61Wang Y, Guo T, Cai HY, Ma TK, Tao SM, Sun S, Chen MQ, et al: Cardiac shock wave therapy reduces angina and improves myocardial function in patients with refractory coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 2010;33:693–699.

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68Lee JH, Kim SG: Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on functional recovery and neurotrophin-3 expression in the spinal cord after crushed sciatic nerve injury in rats. Ultrasound Med Biol 2015;41:790–796.

69Lobenwein D, Tepekoylu C, Kozaryn R, Pechriggl EJ, Bitsche M, Graber M, et al: Shock wave treatment protects from neuronal degeneration via a toll-like receptor 3 dependent mechanism: implications of a first-ever causal treatment for ischemic spinal cord injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2015;4:e002440.

70Wang L, Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Han L: Effect of low-energy extracorporeal shock wave on vascular regeneration after spinal cord injury and the recovery of motor function. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016;12:2189–2198.

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87Buchbinder R, Ptasznik R, Gordon J, Buchanan J, Prabaharan V, Forbes A: Ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:1364–1372.

88Tepekoylu C, Wang FS, Kozaryn R, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Theurl M, Schaden W, et al: Shock wave treatment induces angiogenesis and mobilizes endogenous CD31/CD34-positive endothelial cells in a hindlimb ischemia model: implications for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. J Thorac Cardiovas Surg 2013;146:971–978.

89Sukubo NG, Tibalt E, Respizzi S, Locati M, d’Agostino MC: Effect of shock waves on macrophages: a possible role in tissue regeneration and remodeling. Int J Surg 2015;24:124–130.

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94Vetrano M, d’Alessandro F, Torrisi MR, Ferretti A, Vulpiani MC, Visco V: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes cell proliferation and collagen synthesis of primary cultured human tenocytes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011;19:2159–2168.

95Visco V, Vulpiani MC, Torrisi MR, Ferretti A, Pavan A, Vetrano M: Experimental studies on the biological effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on tendon models. A review of the literature. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2014;4:357–361.

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141Vincent KC, d’Agostino MC, Poratt D, Walker M: Utilisation of eswt to restore peripheral vibrosensory perception in a non-sensate Type 1 diabetic foot. 15th Scientific Congress of the International Society for Medical Shockwave Treatment, 4th–7th, Cartegena, Columbia, 2012.

142Chen YL, Chen KH, Yin TC, Huang TH, Yuen CM, Chung SY, et al: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy effectively prevented diabetic neuropathy. Am J Trans Res 2015;7:2543–2560.

143Chen TW, Lin CW, Lee CL, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Lin TY, Huang MH: The efficacy of shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and popliteal cyamellla. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014;30:362–370.

144Zhao Z, Jing R, Shi Z, Zhao B, Ai Q, Xing G: Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. J Surg Res 2013;185:661–666.

145Kim JH, Kim JY, Choi CM, Lee JK, Kee HS, Jung KI, Yoon SR: The dose-related effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rehabil Med 2015;39:616–623.

146Vincent KC, Takai B, Craig J, McDonald D: Medical shockwaves for chronic low back pain: a case series. 18th Scientific Congress of the International Society for Medical Shockwave Treatment, 16th–18th, Mendoza, Argentina, July 2015.

147Freitag K: 2016, Uterine Fibroids and Shockwaves. 19th 18th Scientific Congress of the International Society for Medical Shockwave Treatment, 13th–15th July, 2017.

148Craig K, d’Agostino C, Poratt D, Walker M: Original hypothesis: extracorporeal shockwaves as a homeostatic autoimmune restorative treatment (HART) for Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Med Hypotheses 2014;83:250–253.

Kenneth Craig S. Vincent, MD

Kompass Health Associates

27A Haughey Avenue

Three Kings 1042, Aukland (New Zealand)

E-Mail ken@kompasshealth.org