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An earlier epidemiological study using questionnaires showed that about 58.1% of women discern their genital skin as sensitive as compared to 44.2% of men [33]. The percentage of women with self-reported sensitive genital skin increases with age. Therefore, we investigated the differences in pH and chemical biomarkers among 3 groups of women, with 15 subjects in each group: pre-menopausal females (pre-M), post-menopausal females showing signs of urogenital atrophy (post-M non-HRT), and post-menopausal females receiving hormone replacement therapy and showing no signs of urogenital atrophy (post-M HRT) [34].

Fig. 11. Comparison of surface pH among women with perceived sensitive genital skin.

Females with self-reported sensitive skin had higher vaginal and introitus pH as compared to that of the subjects with non-sensitive skin (Fig. 11). However, the differences in pH were not statistically significant. There was no steady pattern of pH change among the 2 groups at the labia minora or labia majora [34] (Fig. 11).