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Kenya is one of the countries in SSA with the fastest supermarket growth rates during the last 20 years. Occurring mainly after 2002, Kenya became the country with the largest number of leading food retailers (a total of 10 in 2018) on the African continent [8]. While massive development is happening, Kenya currently suffers from a triple burden of malnutrition. While 26% of children aged under 5 years are stunted, more than 34% of female adults are overweight, and 27% of women suffer from anemia. Furthermore, about 6% of adults suffer from diabetes and over 26% from high blood pressure [20].

The following findings are based on panel data that were collected in medium-sized towns in central Kenya in 2012 and 2015. While some of the towns already had a supermarket at the time of data collection, others did not have a supermarket yet. This provides a quasi-experimental set-up, which allows comparing diets, nutrition, and health outcomes between people with different access to supermarkets and other types of retailers.