Читать книгу Hidden Hunger and the Transformation of Food Systems - Группа авторов - Страница 52

Table 2 shows the effects of supermarket shopping on adults’ fasting blood glucose (FBG), the likelihood of being pre-diabetic, and the likelihood of suffering from the metabolic syndrome. These results are based on cross-sectional health data collected in 2015 from the same adults in medium-sized towns in central Kenya. Demmler et al. [22] used instrumental variable models to control for endogeneity bias. The regression results suggest that supermarket shopping has a significant effect on all three health outcomes; it significantly increases the level of FBG by 0.3 mmol/L and increases the likelihood of suffering from pre-diabetes and the metabolic syndrome by 16 and 7 percentage points, respectively.

While Demmler et al. [22] found no significant effects of supermarket shopping on blood pressure or being hypertensive, the results showed a clear tendency that supermarket shopping does not only affect diets and the nutritional status of adults, but also health outcomes. While nutrition-related NCDs like diabetes and hypertension are mainly channeled through higher levels of BMI, Demmler et al. [22] also suggest that health outcomes might be directly affected through dietary changes. Since diets rich in bioactive compounds, micronutrients, and fiber are shown to be beneficial in order to prevent NCDs [23], a decrease in the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and unprocessed staples, as shown in Kenya [21], is likely to affect health outcomes directly.