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The prevention and control of water‐ and vector‐borne diseases can be a difficult task due to the association with poor water quality and warming of the climate. Apart from that, the presence of arsenic, uranium, lead, cadmium, etc. leads to an increase in health problems due to their probable correlation with cancer and cardiovascular, neurological, and skin diseases.

Projected water demand is continuously increasing day by day due to the rising demand for water by agriculture, industry, and households, as well as the growing population. Groundwater resources are under tremendous pressure and the water table in India is depleting at the rate of 0.4–0.6 m per year. India is not using the full potential of river water, precipitation, and floodwater.