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The stump tail defect (Figure 9.19) is unmistakable, with usually more than 50% of the spermiogram affected. Other sperm will have broken midpieces and midpiece defects. Cytoplasmic droplet material often obscures the stump tail from view. This is believed to be a heritable defect reported in Charolais, Hereford, and other breeds of cattle [2].

Figure 9.19 Stump tail defect.