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17 17 Hopper, R. and King, E. (2015). Evaluation of breeding soundness: basic examination of the semen. In: Bovine Reproduction (ed. R.M. Hopper), 68–78. Chichester: Wiley.

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20 20 Barth, A. (1997). Evaluation of potential breeding soundness of the bull. In: Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology (ed. R.S. Youngquist), 222–236. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.

21 21 Blockey, M. (1976). Sexual behavior of bulls at pasture: a review. Theriogenology 6: 387–392.

22 22 Boyd, G., Healy, V., Mortimer, R., and Piotrowski, J. (1991). Serving capacity tests are unable to predict the fertility of yearling bulls. Theriogenology 36: 1015–1026.

23 23 Barth, A., Arteaga, A., Brito, L., and Palmer, C. (2004). Use of internal artificial vaginas for breeding soundness evaluation in range bulls: an alternative for electroejaculation allowing observation of sex drive and mating ability. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 84: 315–325.

24 24 Palmer, C., Amundson, S., Brito, L. et al. (2004). Use of oxytocin and cloprostenol to facilitate semen collection by electroejaculation or transrectal massage in bulls. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 80: 213–223.

25 25 Palmer, C., Brito, L., Arteaga, A. et al. (2005). Comparison of electroejaculation and transrectal massage for semen collection in range and yearling feedlot beef bulls. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 87: 25–31.

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29 29 Blom, E. (1973). The ultrastructure of some characteristic sperm defects and a proposal for a new classification of the bull spermiogram. Nord. Vet. Med. 25: 383–391.

30 30 Blom E. Sperm morphology with reference to bull infertility. Proceedings of 1st All India Symposium on Animal Reproduction, Ludhiana, 1977, pp. 61–81.

31 31 Saacke, R., Dalton, J., Nadir, R. et al. (2000). Relationship of seminal traits and insemination time to fertilization rate and embryo quality. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 60–61: 663–677.

32 32 Saacke, R. (2008). Sperm morphology: its relevance to compensable and uncompensable traits in semen. Theriogenology 70: 473–478.

33 33 Barth, A. and Bowman, P. (1994). The sequential appearance of sperm abnormalities after scrotal insulation or dexamethasone treatment in bulls. Can. Vet. J. 34: 93–102.

34 34 Meyer, R. and Barth, A. (2001). Effect of acrosomal defects on fertility of bulls used in artificial insemination and natural breeding. Can. Vet. J. 42: 627–634.