Читать книгу Bovine Reproduction - Группа авторов - Страница 170

Ultrasound can be used to examine the penis, prepuce, and penile urethra. Ultrasonography of the perineal area caudal and dorsal to the scrotum will generally require shaving the hair to obtain good images. The risks associated with ultrasound examination of the penis and prepuce cranial to the scrotum should be balanced with the lower probability of the examination providing valuable diagnostic and prognostic information beyond that obtained by visual inspection and palpation. Direct observation of the penis and prepuce during mating or semen collection is necessary to detect many conditions, such as penile hypoplasia, genital warts, persistent frenulum, hair rings, or balanoposthitis. Ultrasonically relevant lesions affecting the penis and prepuce include trauma, neoplasia, hematoma, abscess, calculi, urethral dilation and rupture, and vascular shunts.