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Diagnosis of scrotal or testicular disease may be aided by B‐mode real‐time ultrasound using a 5‐MHz probe. Normal testicles are homogeneous and moderately echogenic [4] (Figure 18.1). The mediastinum testis is a readily identifiable hyperechoic area in the center of the testicle when viewed in the transverse plane or a hyperechoic line when viewed in the sagittal plane (Figure 18.2). The head, body, and tail of the epididymis are less echogenic than the testicle and are readily identified as they course along the testicle. Thickness of the scrotal skin and vaginal tunics and the presence of fluid within the vaginal cavity are readily determined.

Figure 18.1 Ultrasound of normal testis in transverse plane. Mediastinum testis is hyperechoic area in center of testis.

Figure 18.2 Sagittal ultrasound of normal bovine testicle. Mediastinum testis is hyperechoic line in center of testis.