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Trauma is a common cause of pathological changes in scrotal contents. As mentioned above, trauma often leads to the accumulation on fluid in the vaginal cavity in the form of a hematocele or hydrocele. Penetrating wounds of the scrotum can result in orchitis/periorchits with potential scrotal abscessation. Severe trauma can induce rupture of the tunica albuginea [10]. Leakage of sperm due to tubular damage of the testicle can invoke an autoimmune reaction leading to granulomatous reactions. Depending on the acuteness and severity of the trauma, significant scrotal enlargement and edema may be present (Figure 18.6).

Figure 18.6 Bull with acute bilateral scrotal enlargement secondary to trauma. Hemicastration was performed to remove a ruptured testicle.

Source: Image courtesy of Richard Hopper and Heath King.