Читать книгу Biogeography in the Sub-Arctic - Группа авторов - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
6 Section I: Remote Origins 1 The Opening of the North Atlantic Plate Tectonic Résumé Magnetic Anomalies Mantle Plumes The Iceland Plume Early Palaeocene Before the North Atlantic Opening The Geographical Pattern of Break‐Up Micro‐continent Formation Magmatism Heralding the Birth of the New Ocean Flood Basalt Eruptions Seaward Dipping Reflectors Ash Beds of Western and Central Europe The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum Iceland Evidence for Plume Pulsing Continental Uplift after Ocean Formation Summary Acknowledgements References 2 Cenozoic Vegetation and Phytogeography of the Sub‐arctic North Atlantic Introduction Paleogene Floras and Vegetation Neogene Floras and Vegetation Biogeographic Implications Conclusion and Future Research References 3 Interglacial Biotas from the North Atlantic Islands Introduction The Faroe Islands Iceland Greenland Discussion and Conclusions References
7 Section II: Origins of the Present Biota 4 Origin and Dispersal of the North Atlantic Vascular Plant Floras North Atlantic Endemics – A History of Over‐Description and Rapid Hybrid Speciation Colonisation History of North Atlantic Plants Genetic and Floristic Relationships Among Five Atlantic Floras Some Glacial Survivors After All? Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 5 The Aquatic Fauna of the North Atlantic Islands with Emphasis on Iceland Introduction Aquatic Invertebrates Endemism Discussion References 6 The Vascular Floras of High‐Latitude Islands with Special Reference to Iceland Introduction A Survey of High‐Latitude Islands Patterns of Species Richness Iceland and Its Vascular Flora Summary Acknowledgements References 7 Quaternary Vertebrates from the North Atlantic Islands Introduction Fish Birds Pre‐Holocene Mammal Remains Holocene Marine Mammals Holocene Terrestrial Mammals Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements References 8 North Atlantic Insect Faunas, Fossils and Pitfalls Introduction The Discussion About Refugia The Modern Faunas Human Impact and North Atlantic Faunas Conclusions References
8 Section III: Human Impact 9 Landnám and the North Atlantic Flora Introduction The Faroe Islands Iceland Greenland Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References 10 Origin of the Northeast Atlantic Islands Bird Fauna Introduction Geological Overview and Climate Regimes Origin of Bird Fauna Colonization and Evolution Immigration Analysis of Colonization Conservation Problems Concerning Birds Economic Importance of Birds References 11 Human Impact on North Atlantic Biota Introduction History of Settlement: Introduction, Exploitation and Modification of Vertebrate Biota Ovigenic Landscapes or Adaptive Grazers? Northern Fisheries Conclusions References
9 Section IV: Conservation in a Warming World 12 A Fleet of Silver Introduction Arctic Climate Change Sea Ice and Locations of Iceland and Labrador Impacts of Sea‐Ice Variations in Iceland and Labrador Historical Sea‐Ice Data for Iceland and Labrador Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems A Perspective from the Past: Iceland A Perspective from the Present: Labrador/Nunatsiavut Overview of Recent Sea‐Ice Variations Conclusions Acknowledgements References 13 Biodiversity Conservation in the Faroe Islands Under Changing Climate and Land Use Introduction Changes in Flora since the Last Ice Age The Vegetation and Flora Impacts on the Flora Status of the Flora and Fauna References 14 Biodiversity Conservation in Iceland Under Changing Climate Introduction Conservation of Biodiversity in Iceland Environmental Legislation in Iceland Domestic Laws for Conservation of Species, Habitats and ‘Ecosystems’ International Laws, Agreements and Treaties About the Environment and Wild Organisms That Iceland Has Signed Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 15 The Natural Environment and Its Biodiversity in Greenland During the Present Climate Change Introduction Recent Climate – The Last Hundred Years The Biology of Greenland with Emphasis on Terrestrial Ecosystems Distribution of Plant Communities in the North Consequences of Climate Change at the Ecosystem Level Concluding Remarks References
10 Index
