Читать книгу Biogeography in the Sub-Arctic - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1 The bathymetry of the North Atlantic, based on satellite sea‐surfac...Figure 2 The pattern of magnetic stripes in the North Atlantic, 2005. Geolog...Figure 3 (a) Conglomerate from a 2–3 m thick stratum separating Cretaceous s...Figure 4 Fault pattern in the North Atlantic region on a map restored to con...Figure 5 Map showing the orogenic belts on either side of the North Atlantic...Figure 6 A coastal section on Cape Searle Island, Baffin Island, Canada, sho...Figure 7 Map showing the break‐up pattern showing the eastward displacement ...Figure 8 Distribution of the early Paleogene lavas, subaerial and submarine....Figure 9 (a) Flat‐lying basalts of the Geikie Plateau Formation, Gåseland, E...Figure 10 Kap Hammer on the East Greenland coast (67°40′N), within the zone ...Figure 11 Sub‐aerial (picritic) lavas on the Svartenhuk peninsula, West Gree...Figure 12 Dark ash layers contrasting with white diatomite sediments on the ...Figure 13 Lava fountaining along a fissure (Krafla volcano) northern Iceland...

2 Chapter 2Figure 1 The northern North Atlantic part of the Brito‐Arctic Igneous (flora...Figure 2 Relative age of Cenozoic (pre‐Holocene) volcanics and sedimentary r...Figure 3 Palaeocene fossil leaves from West Greenland (Agatdalen, Atanikerlu...Figure 4 Palaeocene leaves and Eocene pollen from West Greenland (Agatdalen,...Figure 5 Palaeocene fossil leaves from Atanikerluk, West Greenland. (A) Fago...Figure 6 Eocene fossil pollen from Hareø, West Greenland. (A, B) Fagus sp. (...Figure 7 Eocene fossil leaves from Hareø, West Greenland. (A) Fagus sp., S11...

3 Chapter 3Figure 1 Map of the North Atlantic region showing the location of place name...Figure 2 Stratigraphical overview of the Quaternary (the last 2.6 Ma) showin...Figure 3 (a) Mt. Stöð with an outcrop of the Búlandshöfði Formation showing ...Figure 4 Examples of leaf imprints of vascular plants from interglacial depo...Figure 5 (a) A log of Larix sitting in sandy deposits of the Kap København F...Figure 6 Drawings of plant remains from the Kap København Formation in North...Figure 7 Scanning electron microscope photographs of beetle and ant remains ...Figure 8 Maps of the northern parts of the Earth, showing present geographic...Figure 9 Scanning electron microscope photographs of fruits from extinct pla...Figure 10 Scanning electron microscope photographs of plant remains from las...Figure 11 Scanning electron microscope photographs of beetle remains from la...Figure 12 Maps of the northern part of the Earth, showing the present‐day ra...Figure 13 Maps of the northern parts of the Earth, showing the present‐day g...Figure 14 Scanning electron microscope photographs of remains of insect rema...Figure 15 Maps of the Earth’s northern parts with arrows that show immigrati...

4 Chapter 4Figure 1 Reconstruction of the Late Weichselian (25 000–10 000 years ago) ma...Figure 2 Colonisation of the Svalbard archipelago with source regions inferr...Figure 3 (a) Main (thick arrows) and additional (thin arrows) long‐distance ...Figure 4 Genetic patterns detected in two west‐arctic species, providing qui...

5 Chapter 5Figure 1 Numbers of Cladocera species on the North Atlantic islands and the ...Figure 2 Numbers of Trichoptera species on the North Atlantic islands and th...Figure 3 Number of species of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Di...

6 Chapter 6Figure 1 Location of the selected islands in the northern (left) and souther...Figure 2 (a) The log–log species area relationship for the 17 high‐latitude ...Figure 3 (a) Native vascular species richness (upper black columns) and ende...Figure 4 The relationship between the degree of Pleistocene glaciation (exte...Figure 5 Four hypothetical scenarios for the history of the Icelandic vascul...

7 Chapter 7Figure 1 Map of the North Atlantic region showing the location of selected p...Figure 2 Two examples of vertebrate remains from Greenland. (a) A pelvic spi...Figure 3 Two examples of remains of marine mammals from Greenland. (a) A ver...Figure 4 Maps of Greenland showing Holocene and modern natural geographical ...Figure 5 Two examples of musk‐ox (Ovibos moschatus) skull fragments. (a) A s...Figure 6 Temporal ranges of selected vertebrates from Greenland.Reprinte...

8 Chapter 8Figure 1 Different distribution patterns between long and short winged forms...Figure 2 Map of distribution of the ground beetle Notiophilus biguttatus in ...Figure 3 Map of distribution of the littoral rove beetle Micralymma brevilin...Figure 4 Affinities of Coleoptera of North Atlantic Islands which strongly i...Figure 5 Affinities of Diptera in the North Atlantic islands. Atmospheric sy...Figure 6 Map of the North Atlantic during the beginning of the Holocene show...Figure 7 Map of the North Atlantic with early Norse colonization routes and ...

9 Chapter 9Figure 1 Map of the North Atlantic showing the pattern and approximate timin...Figure 2 Sites and places within the Faroe Islands that are named in the tex...Figure 3 Gróthusvatn viewed from the north. A storm beach separates the lake...Figure 4 Selected taxa pollen diagram for Gróthusvatn, Sandoy. Depths are me...Figure 5 Sites and places within Iceland that are named in the text. Key to ...Figure 6 Percentage pollen diagram for Reykholtsdalur, west Iceland, showing...Figure 7 Sediment profile from Mosfell in Mosfellsdalur, southwest Iceland, ...Figure 8 Sites and places within the Eastern Settlement of Greenland that ar...Figure 9 Mixed birch‐willow scrub and woodland covering sheltered valley slo...Figure 10 Sites and places within the Western Settlement of Greenland that a...Figure 11 Percentage pollen diagram for Tasiusaq, Eastern Settlement of Gree...Figure 12 Lyme grass (Elymus arenarius L. spp. mollis) growing on the ruins ...

10 Chapter 10Figure 1 The extent of the Ice Age glaciation about 20 000 years ago.Figure 2 Number of bird species recorded in Iceland (black) and the Faroe Is...

11 Chapter 11Figure 1 Cod sizes from Quoygrew and Stackelbrae (Viking Age and medieval si...Figure 2 Quoygrew and Stackelbrae saithe sizes, sieved dataset.

12 Chapter 12Figure 1 North Atlantic Ocean Currents. The red arrows (light shading) refle...Figure 2 Comparison of Labrador/Newfoundland (blue/dark shading) and Iceland...

13 Chapter 13Figure 1 From the top of Sandfelli (790 m a.s.l.) in the northern part of Ey...Figure 2 The distribution of the red‐listed species in the five IUCN categor...Figure 3 The distribution of the red‐listed species in the lowland, the low‐...Figure 5 Oysterplant, Mertensia maritima, is one of the threatened plant spe...

14 Chapter 14Figure 1 Map of protected areas in Iceland using data from the Environment A...Figure 2 The preservation area in Surtsey.

15 Chapter 15Figure 1 Map of Greenland with ice cap borderline shown and name of localiti...Figure 2 Retreating ice sheet permitting the first pioneer lichens (Stereoca...Figure 3 Photo from July in the high arctic near Thule. The more favourable ...Figure 4 July landscape in the Thule area. The border of the Greenland ice c...