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While the DSM is the standard diagnostic manual used in the US, the ICD is the classification system of mental disorders used most widely in the world (Reed et al., 2019). Published by the World Health Organization (WHO), the ICD system was developed in order to catalog and track diseases across populations. The primogenitor of the ICD, the International List of Causes of Death, was published in 1883 and revised four times throughout the following half‐century until the newly formed WHO assumed the responsibility for disease classification in 1948 (ICD‐6; Hirsch et al., 2016). Of note, the ICD‐6 was the first edition to include psychiatric disorders in a compilation of diseases that had previously been more traditionally medical.

Until recently, the ICD‐10, published in 1992 and now named the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, was the latest iteration of the ICD currently in use. The eleventh iteration of the ICD will come into effect on January 1, 2022 (WHO, 2019) and makes several changes over the ICD‐10 while maintaining the goal of prioritizing clinical utility (Reed et al., 2019). Taxonomically, the boundary between disorders usually associated with childhood and adolescence versus adults was removed, reflecting a similar shift to a lifespan approach that we saw in the DSM. Also, similarly to the DSM‐5, the ICD‐11 includes more dimensional approaches to psychopathology. Dimensional qualifiers have been added to describe the symptom presentation of psychotic disorder, and the conceptualization of personality disorders has been overhauled and resembles the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) found in Section III of the DSM‐5.