Читать книгу Developmental Psychopathology - Группа авторов - Страница 22

Building on the Achenbach system of classification, the HiTOP system (Kotov et al., 2017; Krueger et al., 2018) was developed to address limitations of categorical systems. HiTOP derived its psychopathology syndromes or disorders using statistical analyses, and is therefore a quantitative, “bottom up” approach to psychopathology. Behaviors and symptoms that mental health professionals typically assess were analyzed to identify which covaried, co‐occurred, or clustered together to form syndromes. The “H” in HiTOP (hierarchical) indicates that this system of classification is based on a hierarchical statistical model. After syndromes were statistically identified, they were then organized under higher‐order factors that describe the similarities of the disorders in that factor. For example, HiTOP lists the disorders major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, general anxiety disorder (GAD), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) under a higher‐order “distress” factor based on statistical findings that the symptoms of all of these disorders covary. In all, there are currently seven higher‐order factors in the HiTOP system. These factors were then organized under spectra, or groups of factors that correlate with each other. For example, the substance abuse and antisocial behavior factors correlate, and this correlation is explained by an underlying disinhibited externalizing spectra (dimension), suggesting that both substance use problems and antisocial behaviors are both characterized by problems with self‐control of behaviors. Importantly, the HiTOP system is a dimensional classification system for psychopathology (Krueger et al., 2018).

FIGURE 1.2 Illustration of How the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Matrix Guides Research