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Abnormal, in the context of psychopathology, can be defined as behaviors, emotions, and cognitions that deviate from the norm (culturally or developmentally) and cause distress, impairment in functioning, or endanger an individual or those around them.

Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a hybrid (categorical and dimensional) model for diagnosing personality disorders found in Section III of the DSM‐5.

Categorical refers to an approach to classification of psychopathology that distinguishes between different forms of psychopathology by grouping symptoms to create distinct categories of diagnoses.

Classification is the act of categorizing things according to a set of criteria.

Continuum refers to a way of thinking about a phenomenon as existing on a scale ranging from normal to abnormal.

Developmental psychopathology is the study of psychological or mental disorders (psychopathology) from a developmental or lifespan perspective.

Dichotomous refers to any two‐option choice (most often “yes” or “no”) that an individual or clinician could make about the presence of a symptom of psychopathology or the presence of a diagnosis, overall.

Differential diagnosis is the process of deciding between two or more diagnoses that share similar features.

Dimensional refers to an approach to classification of psychopathology that conceptualizes psychological phenomenon as existing on continuums, ranging from abnormal to normal, and typically avoids categorizing symptoms or disorders according to traditional methods.

Empirically supported refers to something (a measure, a classification system, or a psychological intervention) that has research‐based, scientific evidence in support of its validity.

Endophenotype refers to a measurable construct that, although not observable, links an individual’s genotype and phenotype.

Etiology refers to the cause of a symptom or a disorder.

Factor analysis is a form of statistical analysis that tries to explain the covariation of observable phenomenon by revealing underlying common factors.

Heterogeneous means diverse, dissimilar, or not the same.

Higher‐order factors refer to constructs or factors in a hierarchical statistical or classification model that are “above” other factors at a lower level.

Mechanisms refer to processes or characteristics that underlie or cause a psychological symptom.

Mental (psychological) disorders are characterized by behavioral patterns, and cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms that deviate from a normative developmental trajectory and are not typical of individuals living in the same cultural context.

Norms are standardized comparison values for the interpretation of an individual’s results on some psychological measure, relative to other people of the same age, gender, etc.

Operationalize means to define what a phenomena, symptom, or construct is and how it should be measured.

Phenomena are characteristics, circumstances, facts, or events (e.g., a psychological symptom) observed through the senses.

Phenotype is a set of observable characteristics (e.g., a group of psychological symptoms).

Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders.

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, or the measurement of a symptom or diagnosis, in different instances or under different circumstances.

Self‐report questionnaire is a method of measuring psychological symptoms where individuals complete a survey about their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences.

Structured interviews are interviews used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose a psychological disorder. These interviews consist of standard instructions, questions, and scoring procedures that must be administered in the same way every time to ensure reliability.

Syndrome is a cluster of symptoms and behaviors that often present together.

Taxonomy is an area of scientific study that aims to systematically classify objects, organisms, or phenomena.

Traits are characteristics of an individual that are relatively stable across time and context.

Transdiagnostic means that a specific symptom or cause of a symptom is not unique to one disorder category but cuts across multiple diagnoses.

Workgroup is a group of individuals with expertise in a given area, assigned to collaborate in order to propose updates for the next DSM.