Читать книгу Developmental Psychopathology - Группа авторов - Страница 83

In addition to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, he is also known for his theory of moral development, which focused on the degree to which a child’s awareness and understanding of the world translates to their progression through stages of morality (Piaget, 1932). The first stage of his theory, heteronomous morality, typically includes children under the age of 7 as they become aware of rules and view them as fixed and sacred. Children in this stage deem actions as “good” or “bad” based on their consistency with rules set by authority figures and believe that a child’s violation of rules makes one deserving of a punishment regardless of intentions or motives (Nobes & Pawson, 2003). Interacting with peers, learning that rules are not permanent, and considering the perspectives of others all prepare children for the second stage—autonomous morality. Around the age of 11, children begin to realize that people cooperate in order to set rules, determine “fit” punishments for violating rules, no longer blindly obey rules, and consider a person’s intentions when evaluating their actions.