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Since the original coining of the term sarcopenia in 1988, there has been a rapid increase in the development of scientific approaches to its pathophysiology, definition (together with ethnic appropriate cut‐offs), and management. This was highlighted when sarcopenia was established as a muscle disease with its own ICD‐CM diagnosis code (ICD‐10‐CMM62.84). Primary sarcopenia (age related) is of central interest to geriatricians, nutritionists, gerontologists, epidemiologists, biologists, physical and occupational therapists, and all health professionals who provide care for older persons. Secondary sarcopenia has become an increasingly important, treatable side effect of chronic diseases, e.g. congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in many persons.

Since the first edition of Sarcopenia some eight years ago, there have been major advances in the understanding of the basic science concepts of how aging interacts with muscles to alter its function. This has been coupled with an increased knowledge in methodology to measure muscle mass and function. There has been a realization that the decline in function due to muscle loss is the hallmark in the development of sarcopenia. This has led to more sophisticated definitions of the disease and a recognition that these definitions require ethnic‐specific definitions. While the primary treatment of sarcopenia relies on resistance and other exercises together with nutritional approaches, a large number of pharmacological agents to treat sarcopenia are under development. These exciting and rapid changes have led us to produce a second edition of this book.

This new edition remains a clear and precise reference work for all those health professionals, exercise physiologists, and researchers interested in understanding the complexity of sarcopenia. This book provides the state of art of the complexity involved in the biological aspects of age‐related muscle wasting alongside the direct effects of disease on muscles. It explores the rapidly increasing epidemiological knowledge demonstrating the devastating effects of sarcopenia on health outcomes and quality of life of individuals. It explores in detail the modern diagnostic and management approaches to recognizing and improving outcomes in individuals with sarcopenia. To do this we have assembled a wide range of authors from around the world, who are experts in this topic area. We also focus on primary and secondary prevention of sarcopenia as important approaches to enhance the quality of life in older persons.

This book represents a state‐of‐the‐art textbook, with a comprehensive approach to sarcopenia. We hope it will be a valuable reference tool to all those who are interested in this topic. Our authors have taken complex topics and written about them in a clear way allowing access to the knowledge for those starting out in the field, as well as expert researchers and clinicians who are interested in recognizing and treating sarcopenia.

Alfonso J. Cruz‐Jentoft and John E. Morley