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Sarcopenia

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages Sarcopenia Страница 8 List of Contributors Preface CHAPTER 1 Definitions of Sarcopenia SARCOPENIA: BIRTH AND FIRST STEPS GROWTH AND ADOLESCENCE OF SARCOPENIA European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Special Interest Groups Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SSCWD) International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) Foundation for the National Institutes of Health MATURITY OF SARCOPENIA: RECENT DEFINITIONS NEW PLAYERS: BONE, FAT, AND MUSCLE THE FRONTIERS: FRAILTY, CACHEXIA, MALNUTRITION THE RESEARCH ARENA SUMMARY REFERENCES CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Muscle Mass Loss with Age INTRODUCTION MUSCLE MASS DIFFERENCES AMONG AGE GROUPS CHANGE IN MUSCLE MASS WITH AGING REFERENCES CHAPTER 3 The Role of Mitochondria in Age‐Related Sarcopenia MUSCLES TRANSFORM CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY EVIDENCE THAT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION DECLINES WITH AGING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON MUSCLE HEALTH AND FUNCTION CAUSES OF THE DECLINE OF MITOCHONDRIAL MASS AND OXIDATIVE CAPACITY IN AGING SKELETAL MUSCLE Decline of physical activity with aging Oxidative stress Anabolic resistance Accumulation of somatic mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA Fission, fusion, and mitochondrial recycling Apoptosis Mitochondrial proteostasis mechanisms ARE AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AT THE ROOT OF SARCOPENIA? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES CHAPTER 4 Motor Unit Remodeling OVERVIEW OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM AGE‐RELATED MU REMODELING Loss of MUs LOSS OF MUSCLE FIBERS REDUCED FIRING CAPACITY OF MUs MECHANISMS OF MU REMODELING Role of resistance and endurance exercise in preserving MU function FUTURE DIRECTIONS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES CHAPTER 5 Nutrition, Protein Turnover and Muscle Mass INTRODUCTION EVIDENCES FOR A ROLE FOR NUTRITION IN SARCOPENIA “Anabolic resistance” of skeletal muscle to nutrition in older persons What is the basis of protein requirement during aging? How to improve protein retention in older persons: beyond protein quantity? What is the response to increasing protein intakes? Is there an effect of the protein source? Optimizing protein digestion rate to improve amino acid availability? Is there a specific daily protein feeding pattern? Improvement of protein retention by amino acids? ANABOLIC RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN OLDER PERSONS COMBINATION OF NUTRITIONAL AND TRAINING STRATEGIES CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE DIRECTION REFERENCES CHAPTER 6 Recognizing Persons at Risk for Sarcopenia SARC‐F OTHER SCREENING TESTS FOR SARCOPENIA CONCLUSION DISCLOSURES REFERENCES CHAPTER 7 Adverse Outcomes and Functional Consequences of Sarcopenia INTRODUCTION MORTALITY MOBILITY LIMITATIONS FALLS AND FRACTURES QUALITY OF LIFE METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES SECONDARY SARCOPENIA CONTROVERSIES CONCLUSION REFERENCES {buyButton}

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