Читать книгу River Restoration - Группа авторов - Страница 33

River restoration is likely to produce multiple benefits, whether ecological (e.g. restoration of certain ecological functions), economic (e.g. creation of a market and thus of companies or consulting firms specializing in river restoration), or social (e.g. development of recreational opportunities associated with rivers). To capture these benefits, economic approaches to river restoration are essentially based on the concept of ecosystem services. They are thus part of an anthropocentric paradigm of interactions between societies and rivers. Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that society derives from ecosystems and that therefore contribute to human well‐being (Costanza et al. 1997; Daily 1997; MEA 2005)². Ecological structures and processes perform ecological functions that are themselves sources of services for humans. However, these services are only regarded as benefits when society attributes a value to them (Haines‐Young and Potschin 2010). Quantification of this value is an issue mobilizing a significant proportion of the economic science community working on restoration issues.