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Science of Improvement

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Quality improvement (QI) is a critical component of ensuring quality care and achieving safety. QI requires assessing safety issues for prevalence; making comparisons across units, departments, and even organizations; and using benchmark data to make clinicians and leaders improve their own practices as well as the system (Dolansky et al., 2017; Niñerola, Sánchez‐Rebull, and Hernández‐Lara, 2020). Using principles and strategies from QI, the rate of medication errors occurring in a given setting provides measurements that can be compared with a peer unit or industry benchmark. These processes also identify areas for root cause analysis to determine why errors occur in critical activities such as medication administration, to change the system by preventing or lessening the possibility of errors occurring. It is critical that all health professionals know how to assess scientific evidence to determine what constitutes good care, identify gaps between good care and care delivered in their setting, and implement actions to close gaps (McNab et al., 2020). Niñerola et al. (2020) used Six Sigma as another form of QI to eliminate waste, improve supply chains, and improve wait times. While the QI process might seem straightforward, successfully changing, monitoring the change, and adapting or sustaining a change are challenging.

Quality and Safety in Nursing

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