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III Risk factors A Age and physical status

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 The risk increases with age, and horses aged 12 years or older are at an increased risk of mortality.

 Older horses may be more prone to fracture of a long bone in the recovery period, which could result in euthanasia.

 Foals have an increased risk of fatality and this is probably associated with unfamiliarity with neonatal anesthesia, an immature cardiovascular system, and presence of systemic illness.

 Pregnant mares have increased risk of mortality in the last trimester of pregnancy and this is probably associated with a need for emergency surgery. Otherwise, there is no difference between sexes.

 Horses with a high ASA physical status have increased risk of mortality.

Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia

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