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III Unique features of the equine heart

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 Large SA node.A “wandering pacemaker” is common.Seen as variably shaped P waves on electrocardiogram (ECG).

 Large atria that may depolarize slightly asynchronously.Result in biphasic P or bifid waves on the ECG.

 Deeply penetrating His‐Purkinje system.Facilitates movement of electrical impulses throughout the large ventricular muscle. Often called Type II Purkinje system.

 Ossa cordi.In all species there is a connective tissue “skeleton” that separates the atria from the ventricles.In cattle and in older horses, these structures may ossify and create two bones, the “ossa cordi.”

Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia

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