Читать книгу Nanotechnology-Enhanced Food Packaging - Группа авторов - Страница 42

Soybean fiber is an insoluble fraction obtained from SPC processing and recovered by centrifugation. It is composed of carbohydrates derived from soy cotyledon cell wall as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [115]. Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acids form the pectin structure and are ionically linked to Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. In the cell wall, pectin fraction is covalently linked to cellulose, phenol groups, and proteins [115, 116]. Lignin is the highest insoluble fraction of the soybean fibers due to the presence of polyphenols, which are produced by polymerization of trans-p-coumaryl, sinapyl alcohols, and coniferyl [117]. The considerable resistance of lignin is caused by the extensive cross-linking on cell wall that characterizes the high crystallinity of its chains. The significant crystallinity of soybean fibers improves oxygen and hydrocarbon barriers of soybean fibers-based materials but limits their flexibility (Table 2.5) [109].

Table 2.5 Films and coatings based on soybean and derivatives for food packaging applications.

Components	Production approach	Main results	References
SSPSa)/halloysite nanoclay	Casting	Biodegradable and sustainable films for food packaging applications	[98]
SSPSa)/ZnO	Casting	Films with antimicrobial activity against P. expansum and C. albicans	[99]
SSPSa)/nanorod-rich ZnO	Casting	Films with antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus	[100]
SPCb)	Casting/cold plasma	Films with antioxidant activity for smoked salmon packaging	[101]
SPIc)/soy straw	Casting	Films were used to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables	[102]
SSPSa)/nanoclay Na+	Casting	Films with improved mechanical and barrier properties and with antimicrobial properties against B. cereus, E. coli, and S. aureus and P. expansum	[103]
SPCb)	Thermo-pressing molding	Films with acceptable physicochemical properties manufactured at industrial scale	[104]
SSPSa)/cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion	Casting	Films with antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes and S. aureus	[105]
Soybean fibers/acid citric	Casting	Films with improved mechanical and barrier properties	[106]
SPIc)/pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract	Casting	Films with antioxidant activity and improved mechanical and barrier properties	[107]
SPIc)/chitosan	Dip coating	Coatings were used to extend the shelf life of apricot fruit (Prunus armeniaca L. “Katy”)	[108]
Alginate/soybean fibers (cellulose)	Casting	Films with acceptable mechanical and barrier properties	[109]
SPIc)/soybean fibers (cellulose)	Casting	Films with an improved barrier to oxygen, aromas, and lipids, as well as good mechanical properties	[110]
Cassava starch/soybean hulls and Cassava starch/microcrystalline cellulose derived from soybean	Extrusion	Films with improved mechanical and barrier properties	[111]

a) SSPS: soybean soluble polysaccharide.

b) SPC: soybean protein concentrate.

c) SPI: soybean protein isolate.