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3.3.1.4 Reverse Power Flow Due to Inappropriate Allocation of Distributed Generators

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Distributed generation (DG) is considered as an essential part in future distribution power systems. Grids are eventually being converted into smart grids with annexation of advanced and improved, technologically sound distributed generation (DG) sets, along with their advanced control systems, adaptive structures, effective sensors, information and communication technologies [18]. The DG insertion has changed the complete mode of operation of the distribution systems. The traditional one directional flow of power in the lines has changed to a two-way mode, which leads to an urgent need to redesign the protection systems. In smart grids the complicacy of the transformed structures and technologies of the power system is monitored and meticulously controlled by sensors, smart meters, digital controllers, and adaptive technologies [19].

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