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Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
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Страница 9
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1 An Introduction to Microbial Biodiversity and Bioprospection
1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Microorganisms
1.1.2 Bioprospecting
1.1.3 Bioprospection of Microorganisms
1.2 Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
2 Application of Microorganisms in Biosurfactant Production
2.1 Biosurfactants Nature and Classification
2.2 Biosynthesis of BS by Archaea and Bacteria
2.3 Biosynthesis of BS by Yeasts and Molds
2.4 Screening for BS Producers
2.5 A Case Study: SL by Solid‐State Fermentation (SSF), Kinetics, and Reactor Size Estimation
2.6 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
3 Microbial Gums: Current Trends and Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biosynthesis of Microbial Gums
3.3 Production of Microbial Gums
3.4 Structure and Properties of Microbial Gums
3.5 Types of Microbial Gums
3.5.1 Xanthan Gum
3.5.2 Sphingans
3.5.2.1 Gellan Gum
3.5.2.2 Welan Gum
3.5.2.3 Rhamsan Gum
3.5.2.4 Diutan Gum
3.5.3 Pullulan
3.5.4 Other Microbial Gums
3.6 Applications of Microbial Gums
3.6.1 Food Applications
3.6.2 Biomedical Applications
3.6.3 Applications in Nanotechnology
3.7 Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
4 Antiaging and Skin Lightening Microbial Products
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Aging
4.2.1 Structure of Skin
4.2.2 Skin Aging Factors
4.2.3 Intrinsic Skin Aging Factors 4.2.3.1 Anatomical and Histological Changes
4.2.3.2 Telomere Shortening
4.2.3.3 Metabolic ROS Production
4.2.3.4 Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases
4.2.3.5 Mitochondrial Dysfunction
4.2.3.6 Mutations and Oncogenesis
4.3 Extrinsic Skin Aging Factors
4.3.1 Photoaging
4.3.2 Tobacco Smoking
4.3.3 Air Pollution
4.4 Why Microbes
4.4.1 Bacterial Compounds
4.4.2 Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides 4.4.2.1 Hyaluronic Acid
4.4.2.2 Bacterial Cellulose
4.4.2.3 Astaxanthin and Equol
4.4.3 Fungi Compounds 4.4.3.1 Tyrosinase Inhibition
4.4.3.2 Hyaluronidase Inhibition
4.4.3.3 Collagenase and Elastase Inhibition
4.4.4 Algae Compounds
4.4.4.1 Carbohydrates from Algae
4.4.4.2 Fucoidan
4.4.4.3 Laminaran
4.4.4.4 Ulvans
4.4.4.5 Porphyran
4.4.4.6 Carrageenan
4.4.4.7 Agar
4.4.4.8 Alginic Acids
4.4.5 Pigments from Algae
4.4.5.1 Phycobiliproteins
4.4.5.2 Chlorophylls
4.4.5.3 Carotenoids
4.4.5.4 β‐carotene
4.4.5.5 Canthaxanthins
4.4.5.6 Astaxanthin
4.4.5.7 Fucoxanthin
4.4.5.8 Zeaxanthin
4.4.5.9 Violaxanthin
4.4.6 Secondary Metabolites
4.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
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