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Bioprospecting is the excavation of useful genetic or biochemical materials from natural resources [5]. The word “bio‐” refers to “organism” and “prospecting” refers to the search for precious material. Bioprospecting of the microbial population, residing in diverse ecological niches, is gaining more and more attention with the increasing demand for bioactive molecules and nutraceuticals of pharmaceutical, food, and agro‐industrial significance. Microorganisms exist in every corner of this planet, and many of them may not be cultivated. Bioprospecting of biologicals, including microbes, requires interdisciplinary knowledge to exploit the natural resource for societal benefits in a sustainable manner.

A major proportion of Earth contains extreme environmental, where most of the life forms cannot survive. However, extremophiles, which evolve a natural mechanism to thrive the harsh condition, are considered a rich biological resource for extremophiles [6]. The bioactive compounds and the extremozymes have great industrial importance [7]. There is an enormous genetic pool of microbes co‐evolved with the higher organisms, including plants and animals. They have manifold promising biomolecules of industrial importance [5]. There are boundless opportunities to explore the treasure box to meet the growing demand for novel bioactive molecules, e.g., food ingredients, agrochemicals, functional biomolecules, antibiotics, enzymes, and so on. Omics is a compelling approach for the exploration of various niches of diverse environmental conditions and the discovery of unusual novel enzymes and other metabolites of human use [8].