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Microbial diversity is a very crucial resource for the execution of exploitable biology. Bioprospection of microbial resource facilitates the identification and isolation of high‐value molecules of desirable activity. Researches are being conducted to exploit the microbial diversity, obtaining the biomolecules of pharmaceutical, bioceutical, agricultural, bioremediation, etc., significance. Microorganisms should be exploited as cell factories for the production of biomolecules of health significance, antibiotic, anti‐insecticidal compounds, biosurfactants, biofilm, etc. The use of microorganisms should be validated for their meaningful contribution toward food security and bioremediation. Microbial prospecting is required to be intensified with systematic and sustainable approaches.