Читать книгу Food Chemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 23

Food supplements are quantized to modify the natural or original color of foods. For example, manufacturing of the strawberry jam that looks much brighter adds certain value to the foods. Sunlight can effectively affect the flavors in the foods [55–57]. Hence, dyes, pigments, or colors are added to the foods as they help to conserve the foods from detaching such nutrients. Food colors are also added to foods so they look attractive like in cakes. Foods that seems to look more appealing seem more appetizing and tend to be sold more faster.

Nowadays, food additives are more firmly studied, managed, and supervised than in past due to increasing use and demands. This responsibility of studying and determining the safe use of food additives is done by FDA (Food and Drug Administration). A manufacturer, producer, or sponsor should petition FDA for approval of food additives. After approval, they should be in agreement with specific food additive regulations [52].

FDA considers the following factors for studying the safety of a substance for its approval:

 (i) Consumable amount

 (ii) Properties and constitution of the substance

 (iii) Long-term and instant effects of health

 (iv) Evaluation of safety

 (v) Environment assessment

After the approval, FDA issues regulations which includes the following: in which type of food, it must be used, highest amount to be consumed, and how it must be recognized on product labels. Since 1999, approval process is modified. Now, FDA may consult USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) during the review process of substances to be used in meats and poultry products. Regulations known as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) limit the quantity of food substances used in foods to the quantity necessary to attain the desired effect [53–55].